Brain Tumors: Comprehensive Overview, Types & Epidemiology
1. Introduction - Brain tumors are heterogeneous masses of abnormal cells that arise within the cranial vault. They can be broadly divided into primary tumors—originating from the brain or its immediate coverings—and secondary (metastatic) tumors, which spread from cancers elsewhere in the body. Although primary brain tumors are relatively rare compared to other cancers, they carry significant morbidity and mortality due to the critical functions of the central nervous system (CNS). This overview will explore brain tumors in depth, covering epidemiology, classification, molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment modalities, prognosis, and emerging research avenues, in well over 1,000 words. 2. Epidemiology Incidence and Prevalence Worldwide, the annual incidence of primary brain tumors is estimated at approximately 7 to 10 per 100,000 persons. In high-income countries the rate may be slightly higher due to i...