My Pharmacy Revised – The Wellness Way to Natural Health

  Abstract - DNA profiling—also known as DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling—is a powerful molecular tool used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their genetic material. Since its first forensic application in the 1980s, DNA profiling has become integral to forensic science, paternity testing, medical diagnostics, and evolutionary biology. This document provides a detailed overview of DNA profiling, covering historical development, underlying principles, laboratory methodologies, statistical interpretation, applications, limitations, ethical and legal concerns, and future advancements. Table of Contents 1.       Introduction 2.       Historical Development 3.       Principles of DNA Profiling o     3.1 The Human Genome and Genetic Variation o     3.2 Types of Genetic Markers 4.       Sample Collection and Handlin...

  *Abstract - Next‑Generation Sequencing (NGS), also referred to as high‑throughput sequencing, revolutionized genomic research by enabling massively parallel sequencing of millions to billions of DNA fragments in a single run. Since its commercial introduction in 2005, NGS has dramatically reduced per‑base sequencing cost and time, fostering breakthroughs across basic biology, clinical diagnostics, and personalized medicine. This 2,500‑word document provides a detailed overview of NGS: its historical evolution, core technologies, laboratory workflow, data analysis, applications, quality considerations, advantages and limitations, ethical aspects, and future prospects. 1. Introduction The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 marked a pivotal moment in genomics, but the immense time and financial investments required precluded widespread adoption of whole‑genome sequencing. The emergence of NGS platforms—capable of sequencing millions of DNA fragments in parallel—add...