Jaundice Isn’t Just Yellowing – Learn the Hidden Symptoms and Treatments
*Definition and Overview - Jaundice is a clinical sign characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclerae (whites of the eyes), and mucous membranes. It results from elevated levels of bilirubin—a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells—in the bloodstream and tissues. Bilirubin normally passes through the liver, where it is conjugated (made water-soluble) and excreted into bile. When any step in this process is disrupted, unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin accumulates, leading to visible yellowing. 1. Physiology and Pathophysiology Bilirubin Production Senescent red blood cells are broken down in the spleen and reticuloendothelial system. Hemoglobin is metabolized into unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin, which is lipid-soluble and travels bound to albumin in plasma. Hepatic Uptake and Conjugation In the liver, hepatocytes take up unconjugated bilirubin. Through the action of ...