DNA Profiling: Unlocking the Secrets of Genetic Identification
Abstract - DNA profiling—also known as DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling—is a powerful molecular tool used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their genetic material. Since its first forensic application in the 1980s, DNA profiling has become integral to forensic science, paternity testing, medical diagnostics, and evolutionary biology. This document provides a detailed overview of DNA profiling, covering historical development, underlying principles, laboratory methodologies, statistical interpretation, applications, limitations, ethical and legal concerns, and future advancements. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Historical Development 3. Principles of DNA Profiling o 3.1 The Human Genome and Genetic Variation o 3.2 Types of Genetic Markers 4. Sample Collection and Handlin...