The Molecular Basis of Inheritance: A Comprehensive Exploration
*Introduction - Inheritance is the remarkable process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next, ensuring the continuity of life across species. This fundamental biological phenomenon determines how traits, characteristics, and functions are passed down, shaping everything from eye color in humans to disease resistance in plants. At its core, inheritance relies on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a molecule that encodes the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. DNA is organized into genes—specific sequences of nucleotides—that reside on chromosomes within cells. These structures work together to store, replicate, and express genetic information. The significance of understanding the molecular basis of inheritance cannot be overstated. It underpins advancements in medicine, such as the treatment of genetic disorders, and drives innovations in biotechnology, like genetically modified organisms. Furthermore, it provides insights into evo...