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Hemophilia: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding the Condition

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  *Introduction - Hemophilia is a rare, lifelong bleeding disorder characterized by the deficiency or dysfunction of specific blood clotting proteins known as coagulation factors. The most common forms are hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) and hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency), both inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. A much rarer form, hemophilia C, arises from factor XI deficiency and exhibits autosomal inheritance. The hallmark of hemophilia is prolonged bleeding, which may occur spontaneously or following minor trauma, leading to joint damage, muscle hematomas, and potentially life-threatening hemorrhages. Advances in diagnosis, factor replacement therapies, non-factor agents, and gene therapy have transformed patient outcomes over the past several decades. Classification and Types ·          Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia): Deficiency of factor VIII, accounting for approximately 80–85% of all hemophilia cases. Prev...